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Characterization
and utilization of psyllium husk for the preparation of dietetic cookies
Tahira Batool Qaisrani1, Masood Sadiq Butt2, Safdar
Hussain1 and Muhammad Ibrahim
1The Ghazi University, Dera
Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
2National Institute of Food Science
and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding
author (e-mail: tahira7qais@gmail.com)
Abstract
Present research was carried out to characterize and utilize psyllium husk for preparation of dietetic cookies. Straight
grade flour was replaced with psyllium husk in
different combinations @ 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Regarding
characterization of psyllium husk, mean values obtained for moisture, ash,
crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE) in
husk were 6.43±0.05, 3.85±0.04, 2.08±0.06, 0.09±0.01,
3.83±0.02 and 83.72±0.08%, respectively. Moreover, total dietary fiber and arabinoxylan content were 76.63±1.32 and 46.71±2.14%,
respectively. Physical
characteristics of dietetic cookies i.e.
diameter and spread ratio were diminished with the addition of husk while
thickness was increased. Results regarding storage of the cookies showed
increase in diameter and spread ratio whilst thickness depicted
decreasing trend. Chemical assay revealed higher crude protein content
in control cookies. Whereas, moisture, ash, crude fiber,
NFE along with dietary fiber and arabinoxylan contents were higher in psyllium husk based cookies. Softer cookies with low
gross energy were obtained with the addition of psyllium
husk. Conclusively, psyllium
husk based cookies showed gradual enhancement in dietary fiber content as
the amount of husk was increased in the recipe. The resultant cookies may
have potential to manage the lipid profile and glucose concentrations in
human subjects.
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THE INFLUENCE OF RHIZOBIUM
SEED INOCULATION AND DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION ON GROWTH,
YIELD AND QUALITY OF MASHBEAN (Vigra mungo L.)
Ghulam
Murtaza1, Ehsanullah2, Ali Zohaib2, Sajid Hussain3, Tassadduq
Rasool*, 2, Haroon Shehzad4
1Department
of Environmental Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, 38000 (Pakistan)
2Department
of Agronomy, University of agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 (Pakistan)
3Department
of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture, Sargodha, 40100
(Pakistan)
4Institute
of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, 38040 (Pakistan)
*Corresponding author (e-mail: Tassadduquaf@gmail.com)
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the
effect of Rhizobium seed
inoculation (no inoculation and seed inoculation) and different levels of
phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) on growth, yield
and quality of mashbean (Vigna mungo L.) at Agronomic Research
area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The inoculation and
different levels of phosphorus significantly affected all the growth and
yield attributes. Seed inoculation of mashbean along
with 120 kg ha-1 phosphorus application showed highest plant
height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-grain
weight, grain and biological yield of mashbean.
The protein content of mashbean was not
affected significantly by seed inoculation and different levels of phosphorus.
The study reveals that Rhizobium
seed inoculation and phosphorus application at the rate of 120 kg ha-1
enhances the performance of mashbean and should
be used for the betterment of crop productivity.
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Performance
of Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield
Attributes under Various Tillage Strategies
Muhammad Aqeel Shah1,
Shahbaz Khan2,*, Sadia Bibi1,
Saif Ullah1, Mohsin
Khan3, Zeshan Aslam1 and
Muhammad Imran1
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3Department of Agricultural Sciences, Allama
Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author (e-mail: shahbaz2255@gmail.com)
Abstract
Tillage is one of the
most important practices in agriculture which is done mainly to mix the
soil with organic residues and fertilizers, to control weeds, loosen the
upper layer of soil, and to create a suitable seedbed for germination and
plant growth. The present study
was conducted in 2011-2012 at research area of soil and environmental
sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad in randomized complete
block design (RCBD) having three treatments of minimum tillage (MT), conventional
tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT) with three replicates to evaluate the
performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) yield
attributes and absorption of different nutrients under various tillage
strategies. Maximum effect of tillage practices was observed in
the CT and DT that gives the maximum number of leaves, plant height,
plant biomass as well as straw yield.
The
effect of different tillage practices on the harvest index of maize crop
was significant. The grain yield of
maize was more in case of DT (7.24
ton ha-1) as compared to CT (7.22 ton ha-1)
and MT (6.44 ton ha-1). Deep tillage showed better results
with reference to performance of maize crop as compared to conventional
and minimum tillage.
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