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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL
SCREENING OF THE BARK EXTRACTS OF Myrianthus arboreus
O.K.Agwa*1, B.P. Akiene1, and E.
A.Obichi1
1Dept.
of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Regional Center for Bioresource and Biotechnology,
South-South zone centre for Excellence,
National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA),
University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B.
5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author
(e-mail: o_agwa@yahoo.com)
ABSTRACT
The inhibitory effects of the bark extract of Myrianthus
arboreus was studied with chloroform, ethanol, methanol,
acetone, aqueous hot and cold extracts on Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella
sp., Aspergillus sp., and Candida albicans,
using disc diffusion and agar diffusion method. All the
solvents showed inhibitory effect with varying degree of
susceptibility between 10.00-18.00mm except aqueous cold
that did not show any activity to any of the test organism.
Ethanol, acetone and methanol extract had highest zones of
inhibition on most of the isolates between 12.00- 18.00mm,
while aqueous hot extracts showed the least zones of
inhibition at 1.00mm. The zones of inhibitions of the
extract coincided well with some of the standard antibiotics
and antifungal drugs used which showed that the plant can be
used for phytomedicinal purposes because of their related
properties. The bark of Myrianthus arboreus can be
developed as a chemotherapeutic agent due to its
antimicrobial properties.
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Heritability estimates of physiological and yield components
in bread wheat under rainfed condition.
Usman
Ijaz*1, Smiullah1
1Ayub
Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author (e-mail:
usmanpbg@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
To help understand the genetics of drought tolerance, two
approved cultivars Kohistan-97 and Sahar-06 were crossed to
develop second filial generation. Heritability studies
provide valid information about the traits that are
transmitted from parents to offspring and also to the
successive generations. The highest heritability was
observed for plant height (90.83%), number of grains per
spike (81.60%) and stomatal frequency (74.15%) associated
with high genetic advance (30.94, 19.96 and 16.86
respectively). Moderate to high heritability were recorded
for Spike Length (46.03%), flag leaf area (41.39%),
1000-grain weight (58.58%), relative water contents (58.89%)
and stomatal Size (56.71%) which associated with high
genetic advance (2.57, 3.68, 4.60, 7.58 and 37.10
respectively). While, number of tillers per plant and
excised leaf water loss had shown low heritability values.
The present finding suggests that most of the yield
associated traits have been transmitted with different
heritability rates and therefore selection should focus on
traits with high heritability rate.
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A REVIEW ON HEAT STRESS RESPONSE IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF
TOMATO CROP (Solanum lycopersicon L.)
Rafiq Ahmad1,
Muhammad Shahid Iqbal*1, 2, Danish Ibrar1,
Talat Mahmood1, M. Saqib Naveed1 and
Muhammad Kashif Naeem1
1Department
of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture
University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2Cotton
Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author
(e-mail: shahidkooria@gmail.com)
Abstract
Heat stress caused by amplified temperature is an
agricultural dilemma in most of the areas of the world.
Temporary or persistently higher temperature grounds an
array of biochemical, morphological and physiological
changes in plant species that affect plant growth and
development and direct to a severe decline in economic
yield. This unpleasant effect may be mitigated by developing
crop plants with enhanced thermo tolerance by means of
various genetic approaches. In the same way as tomato is the
most important vegetable crop by its use. It is also
affected by high temperature like flower dropage, dryness of
anthers, less fruit set, fruit dropage and sunscalled are
the major problems due to increase in temperature from its
optimum level. Based on an absolute understanding of such
mechanisms, potential genetic strategies ought to make to
improve tomato crop for heat-stress tolerance that includes
traditional and contemporary molecular breeding protocols
and genetic engineering approaches. Addition to genetic
approaches, crop heat tolerance could be improved by
preconditioning of plants under diverse environmental
stresses or exogenous use of osmoprotectants such as proline.
By creating thermo tolerance is an energetic procedure by
which significant amounts of tomato crop resources are
converted to structural and functional protection to get
away from the damage caused by heat stress, with biochemical
and molecular aspects of thermo tolerance in tomatoes are
comparatively well understood. The objective of our study
was to collect and elaborate the work done by different
scientists at different levels and approaches to create heat
tolerance in tomato crop.
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Studies on Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficiency of
glasswort
(Salicornia fruticosa)
herb juice and
methanolic extract in Minced Beef
E. M Elsebaie*1,
S. Y. A. Elsanat1,
M. S. Gouda1,
and K. M.Elnemr1
1Food
Technology Department, Faculty of Agric. Kafrelsheikh Univ.;
Egypt
*Corresponding author (e-mail: essamelsbay@yahoo.com)
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant and antibacterial effect of
glasswort (Salicornia fruticosa) air part juice and
methanolic extracts were investigated in refrigerated minced
beef. It is noticed that, glasswort (Salicornia fruticosa)
air part juice and methanolic extract used had considerable
effectiveness in decreasing aerobic plate count (APC), yeast
and moulds count, as well as chemical indices as pH and
thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Results indicated that the
bacterial counts, yeast and moulds count, pH and TBA values
decrease as the concentration of the glasswort (Salicornia
fruticosa) air part juice and methanolic extracts
increases since the concentration (1.5% methanolic extract)
gives the best effectiveness. The antioxidant and
antibacterial activities of the added compounds followed the
order 1.5% methanolic extract > 1.5% juice> 1% methanolic
extract > 1% juice > 0.5% methanolic extract > 0.5% juice.
The treated minced beef samples extend the shelf life of the
treated samples more than the control samples by 9 days. In
conclusion, glasswort (Salicornia fruticosa) air part
juice and methanolic extract can play an important role as
antioxidant and antibacterial agents in refrigerated minced
beef, but glasswort methanolic extract is the best one.
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Effect of planting
dates
on
seed and oil yield
of
canola (Brassica napus
L.) cultivars
Arezoo Armin1,
Ahmad Reza Golparvar*1
1Department
of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University,
Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch,
Isfahan, Iran.
*Corresponding author
(e-mail: dragolparvar@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
This study was achieved to investigate the
effect of sowing date on seed and oil yield as well as yield
components in winter canola cultivars in Isfahan province
during 2011‐2012 farming season. A split plot design in
randomized complete block design with three replications was
used. Four planting dates 15 October, 22 October, 29 October
and 5 November were considered as main factor levels in the
main plot. Also, ten canola cultivars were used as sub
factor levels and were arranged randomly in the sub plots.
Results showed that the effect of sowing date was
significant for all traits. On the other hand, the cultivar
effect was significant for all traits. The interaction
between planting date and cultivars was significant on
traits stem elongation, flowering, end of flowering and
maturity. In conclusion, cultivar KR4 in the first planting
date (15 October) had the highest seed (4167 Kg/ha) and oil
yield (1995 Kg/ha). Whereas, for late planting date (22
October) Karaj3 is the superior cultivar. Overall, KR4 is
the best cultivar especially for normal planting date in
Isfahan province.
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